Психічне здоров’я молодших школярів як умова подолання труднощів у навчанні
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Дата
2015
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Анотація
У статті розглядається проблема виникнення труднощів у навчанні молодших школярів і обґрунтування залежності цього явища від психічного здоров’я дітей. Характер виявлених домінуючих причин труднощів у навчанні, як внутрішніх так і зовнішніх, підтверджує те, що перебудова в сучасній початковій школі спрямована на підсилення розвиваючого впливу навчання, формування в учнів початкових класів навичок навчальної роботи, що безпосередньо пов’язано зі станом їхнього здоров’я та його психічної складової зокрема. Автор вбачає перспективними напрямами для майбутніх наукових розвідок висвітлення інноваційних підходів до подолання труднощів у навчанні дітей молодшого шкільного віку.
In the article the problem of difficulties in junior students teaching and proving of dependence of this phenomenon on mental health of children is considered. The nature of the identified dominant causes of learning difficulties, both internal and external, confirms that the reorganization in the modern primary school is aimed at strengthening the developmental impact of learning, at the formation of junior students’ skills for learning that is directly related to their health in general and mental component in particular. During the experiment it was found out that in elementary grades are often noticeable gaps in the skills of educational-cognitive nature (59 % of studied cases), poor performance of students caused by frequent diseases (19 % of the studied cases). In poorly achieving students self-regulation is violated. Planning for them is very difficult, the self-control is usually missing. Slowly doing class work, these students do not have time to check it, even in cases when the teacher reminds them of its necessity. There were distinguished three groups of causes of the difficulties in junior students teaching during the experiment. Reasons for the first group are generating disadvantages of educational work of teachers: didactic (violation of the principles and rules of didactics); educational (mainly underestimation of extracurricular work with children). The second group of reasons due to impairment of normal physical, physiological and intellectual development of children, these reasons include: poor health; physical disability; individual psychological characteristics; negative character traits. Reasons for the third group are directly dependent on the willingness of teachers and students: the weak material base of schools; the low level of pre-school education; domestic living conditions of students; the cultural level of the parents; family relationships. The author sees that innovative approaches to overcome the difficulties in the education of children of primary school are the promising directions for future research.
In the article the problem of difficulties in junior students teaching and proving of dependence of this phenomenon on mental health of children is considered. The nature of the identified dominant causes of learning difficulties, both internal and external, confirms that the reorganization in the modern primary school is aimed at strengthening the developmental impact of learning, at the formation of junior students’ skills for learning that is directly related to their health in general and mental component in particular. During the experiment it was found out that in elementary grades are often noticeable gaps in the skills of educational-cognitive nature (59 % of studied cases), poor performance of students caused by frequent diseases (19 % of the studied cases). In poorly achieving students self-regulation is violated. Planning for them is very difficult, the self-control is usually missing. Slowly doing class work, these students do not have time to check it, even in cases when the teacher reminds them of its necessity. There were distinguished three groups of causes of the difficulties in junior students teaching during the experiment. Reasons for the first group are generating disadvantages of educational work of teachers: didactic (violation of the principles and rules of didactics); educational (mainly underestimation of extracurricular work with children). The second group of reasons due to impairment of normal physical, physiological and intellectual development of children, these reasons include: poor health; physical disability; individual psychological characteristics; negative character traits. Reasons for the third group are directly dependent on the willingness of teachers and students: the weak material base of schools; the low level of pre-school education; domestic living conditions of students; the cultural level of the parents; family relationships. The author sees that innovative approaches to overcome the difficulties in the education of children of primary school are the promising directions for future research.
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Ключові слова
психічне здоров’я, молодші школярі, початкова школа, труднощі в навчанні, вчителі початкових класів, mental health, junior students, primary school, learning difficulties, teachers of primary classes
Бібліографічний опис
Кондратюк, С. М. Психічне здоров’я молодших школярів як умова подолання труднощів у навчанні [Текст] / С. М. Кондратюк // Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології : науковий журнал / МОН України, Сумський держ. пед. ун-т ім. А. С. Макаренка ; [редкол.: А. А. Сбруєва, О. Є. Антонова, Дж. Бішоп та ін.]. – Суми : СумДПУ ім. А. С. Макаренка, 2015. – № 9 (53). – С. 260–269.