Соціальне виховання в діяльності народного комісаріату освіти України у 1920–1922 рр.

Abstract

У статті обґрунтовано особливості діяльності Наркомосу на етапі розробки та прийняття Декларації «Про соціальне виховання дітей» (1920 р.). Систематизовано нормативно-правову базу, розроблену відділами та дорадчими органами Наркомосу з питань реалізації Концепції соціального виховання означеного періоду. Розкрито форми роботи державних органів, установ, закладів освіти щодо соціального захисту дітей, організації навчання та виховання в контексті реформування шкільної освіти в Україні.

The article substantiates the peculiarities of the People's Commissariat activities at the stage of elaboration and adoption of the Declaration "On the social upbringing of children" (1920). The regulatory and legal framework developed by the departments and advisory bodies of the People's Commissariat on the implementation of the Concept of Social Education for the specified period is systematized. The forms of work on the level of state, institutions, educational establishments concerning social protection of children, organization of education in the context of school education reforming in Ukraine are revealed. The basic principles of social education in Ukraine were determined by the Declaration of the People's Commissariat of Education of the Ukrainian SSR "On the social upbringing of children" (1.07.1920). Questions of social education were closely linked to the political, economic, and social problems facing the country through the confrontation of various governments, parties, civil war, and foreign intervention. It all influenced the economy, welfare of the population, brought famine and devastation, changed the fate of many families, people, especially children. This situation of children directed the People's Commissariat of the Ukrainian SSR on the immediate adoption of measures and decisions on its solution. In general, the development of pedology and reflexology, the social nature of education, the environmental approach, theory and practice of the children's team, development of the theory of "dying out of the family" in the new ideological conditions and the inability of the family to implement the educational function, socio-economic, political, ideological, educational, cultural, state-building processes led to the substantiation in the country of the social education concept in the early 20's of the XXth century, which influenced the overall process of reforming education in the country under the leadership of the People's Commissariat of the Ukrainian SSR and contributed to create new types of education, development and implementation of forms and methods of educational work with children who faced the political, economic, social and cultural conditions of development of Ukraine.