Особливості розвитку національної вищої школи періоду правління українських урядів
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Дата
2018
Назва журналу
Номер ISSN
Назва тому
Видавець
СумДПУ імені А. С. Макаренка
Анотація
У статті розкрито провідні напрями реформування вищої школи в період правління українських урядів та виокремлено особливості в організації освітнього процесу упродовж 1917-1920 років. Доведено розширення меж академічної автономії, узагальнено досвід реалізації свободи викладання і навчання. Розглянуто труднощі та успіхи у здійсненні українізації вищої школи та активізації національно-патріотичного виховання молодого покоління. Розкрито взаємозв'язок академічних традицій та новацій у період національного державотворення (1917-1920 рр.), схарактеризовано нові підходи до мети, принципів та змісту навчання і виховання академічної молоді, розвитку студентського самоврядування та вирішення кадрової проблеми на прикладі українських державних університетів у Києві та Кам'янець-Подільському.
Modern universities are to some extent the successors of traditions of the national higher school, initiated in 1917-1920, since, in accordance with the Constitution of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine "On Higher Education" (2014), they use the state language, study Ukrainian disciplines, realize the right of academic autonomy, freedom of teaching and learning, develop ideas of student self-government, and strengthen the national-patriotic education of student youth. The purpose of the study is to reveal the leading directions of the reform of higher school during the rule of Ukrainian governments and to highlight the peculiarities in organizing the educational process during 1917-1920. With the help of a textual analysis, the historiographical work and the source base of research have been processed. Using the method of the synchronous analysis, the peculiarities in the organization of the educational process in 1917-1920 have been singled out, difficulties and successes in the implementation of the Ukrainianization of higher education and the activation of the national-patriotic upbringing of the younger generation have been considered. Diachronic analysis has allowed to find out the relationship between academic traditions and innovations during the period of the national state formation (1917-1920), to characterize new approaches to the purpose, principles and content of training and education of the academic youth, student self-government development and personnel problem solving, on the example of Ukrainian state universities in Kyiv and Kamianets-Podilsky. Guided by the generalization method, the conclusions of the proposed research have been formulated and the prospects for the development of related problems have been outlined. It has been proved that, despite the extremely unfavorable circumstances (external intervention, internal opposition of the reactionary professors, economic and political problems), Ukrainian state administration together with the public and enthusiasts of the scientific-pedagogical domain managed to ensure the functioning and further development of higher education. Particular attention is paid to the implementation of the principles of democracy, humanism, cultural conformity and practical expediency, namely: approval of the national educational ideal in the higher school, implementation of the appropriate language policy, deepening of the national component of the content of education, enhancement of its saturation and knowledge intensity, experience of solving the personnel problem and student self-government activities. The peculiarities of development of the higher school during the period of national state formation have been singled out: moderate nature of the policy of Ukrainian governments, realization of the right of academic autonomy; broad engagement of the public in ensuring the principles of social, gender and national equality in the field of higher education; improvement of the system of training of scientific and pedagogical personnel; state funding of the institute of professorial scholars; introduction of the native language to a wide academic use; expanding the range of Ukrainian studies, legalizing the right to defend the thesis in Ukrainian. The adaptation of the higher school of this period to the needs of students is indicated by the temporary decrease of the educational qualification for the entrants; expansion of the optional and Ukrainian-language component of the content of education; introduction of the individual educational plans; strengthening of the national- patriotic upbringing of the younger generation, functioning of the International council of student representatived.
Modern universities are to some extent the successors of traditions of the national higher school, initiated in 1917-1920, since, in accordance with the Constitution of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine "On Higher Education" (2014), they use the state language, study Ukrainian disciplines, realize the right of academic autonomy, freedom of teaching and learning, develop ideas of student self-government, and strengthen the national-patriotic education of student youth. The purpose of the study is to reveal the leading directions of the reform of higher school during the rule of Ukrainian governments and to highlight the peculiarities in organizing the educational process during 1917-1920. With the help of a textual analysis, the historiographical work and the source base of research have been processed. Using the method of the synchronous analysis, the peculiarities in the organization of the educational process in 1917-1920 have been singled out, difficulties and successes in the implementation of the Ukrainianization of higher education and the activation of the national-patriotic upbringing of the younger generation have been considered. Diachronic analysis has allowed to find out the relationship between academic traditions and innovations during the period of the national state formation (1917-1920), to characterize new approaches to the purpose, principles and content of training and education of the academic youth, student self-government development and personnel problem solving, on the example of Ukrainian state universities in Kyiv and Kamianets-Podilsky. Guided by the generalization method, the conclusions of the proposed research have been formulated and the prospects for the development of related problems have been outlined. It has been proved that, despite the extremely unfavorable circumstances (external intervention, internal opposition of the reactionary professors, economic and political problems), Ukrainian state administration together with the public and enthusiasts of the scientific-pedagogical domain managed to ensure the functioning and further development of higher education. Particular attention is paid to the implementation of the principles of democracy, humanism, cultural conformity and practical expediency, namely: approval of the national educational ideal in the higher school, implementation of the appropriate language policy, deepening of the national component of the content of education, enhancement of its saturation and knowledge intensity, experience of solving the personnel problem and student self-government activities. The peculiarities of development of the higher school during the period of national state formation have been singled out: moderate nature of the policy of Ukrainian governments, realization of the right of academic autonomy; broad engagement of the public in ensuring the principles of social, gender and national equality in the field of higher education; improvement of the system of training of scientific and pedagogical personnel; state funding of the institute of professorial scholars; introduction of the native language to a wide academic use; expanding the range of Ukrainian studies, legalizing the right to defend the thesis in Ukrainian. The adaptation of the higher school of this period to the needs of students is indicated by the temporary decrease of the educational qualification for the entrants; expansion of the optional and Ukrainian-language component of the content of education; introduction of the individual educational plans; strengthening of the national- patriotic upbringing of the younger generation, functioning of the International council of student representatived.
Опис
Ключові слова
університет, вища школа, академічна автономія, вищі навчальні заклади, реформування, українізація, освітній процес, студентське самоврядування, university, higher school, academic autonomy, higher education institutions, reform, ukrainianization, educational process, student self-government
Бібліографічний опис
Корж-Усенко, Л. Особливості розвитку національної вищої школи періоду правління українських урядів [Текст] / Л. Корж-Усенко // Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології : науковий журнал / Міністерство освіти і науки України, Сумський державний педагогічний університет імені А. С. Макаренка ; редкол.: А. А. Сбруєва, М. А. Бойченко, О. Є. Антонова [та ін.]. – Суми : Вид-во СумДПУ імені А. С. Макаренка, 2018 – № 3 (77). – С. 285–300.